Probiotics

Probiotics are often used as a treatment for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Probiotics, also called “good bacteria,” are defined as live microorganisms that are similar to the beneficial bacteria found in the human gut.^1,2

Though the exact cause of IBS is unknown, it is thought to be a combination of factors, including:³

• Alterations in the muscle movements of the gut
• Bacterial overgrowth
• Hypersensitivity
• Microscopic inflammation

Probiotics are believed to help restore the gut environment by delivering beneficial bacteria into the gut.¹

Although bacteria are often considered harmful “germs,” there are in fact a number of bacteria that naturally live in the human digestive tract and work in cooperation with the human body, helping it to function properly. Probiotics are the same or similar to these helpful bacteria.³

Research on probiotics in the treatment of IBS

The most well-studied probiotic is Bifidobacteria infantis, which has been proven to reduce the abdominal symptoms of IBS, particularly bloating and bowel function. Other studies have looked at strains of the Lactobacillus and Propionibacterium species.³

A recent analysis of the research that included multiple probiotics found evidence to support that probiotics benefit people with IBS. But there is no consensus or recommendations on what the optimal strains, combinations, or doses are for people with IBS.¹

While their exact action is unknown, probiotics are believed to help IBS by improving the mucosal lining and restoring the gut’s barrier function. Probiotics suppress the growth and binding of destructive bacteria in the gut. They also alter the acidity level in the intestines and improve the immune response.^1,3

There is some evidence that various probiotics help prevent diarrhea and improve symptoms of IBS. But there is no conclusive evidence to determine which probiotics are helpful and which are not. It is also unknown how much of the probiotics people need to take or which people would most benefit from taking probiotics.^4,5

In 2020, the American Gastroenterology Association (AGA) released new guidelines for using probiotics. Researchers did not find enough evidence to support the use of probiotics for IBS. They recommend that children and adults with IBS only use probiotics in clinical trials.^4,5

Sources of probiotics

Probiotics are available in several formulations. Oral products, including dietary supplements and yogurts, are available at many grocery stores, health food stores, and pharmacies. Other products that deliver probiotics include suppositories and creams.³

It is worth noting that supplements are not regulated by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) the same way other drugs are. This means that no outside agency confirms the ingredients or suggested dose. Many more supplements are sold than are tested. Your doctor can help you decide if a probiotic is safe for you.³

What are the possible side effects of probiotics?

Studies have shown that probiotics usually have few side effects, but the long-term safety data is limited. In healthy people, probiotics have minor side effects, if any. However, in people with other health conditions, such as weakened immune systems, there have been occasional serious complications reported, such as infections.³

Every person reacts differently to different treatments, including probiotics, medications, complementary approaches, and dietary changes. Talk to your doctor about all possible treatment options.

Other treatment options

Managing IBS systems usually requires a combination of approaches. Determining the best combination for you may require some trial and error. Besides probiotics, other treatment strategies include:

• Exercise
• Making dietary changes
• Adding fiber
• Using medication,
• Trying complementary or alternative medicine

Before beginning treatment for IBS, tell your doctor about all your health conditions and any other drugs, vitamins, or supplements you take. This includes over-the-counter drugs.